In many critical lighting situations, you perhaps may not trust the exposure information given by the camera’s exposure metering system. In these cases, you need to use Exposure Compensation for exposure adjustment.
The most commonly seen situation is backlighting, when the light source is behind your subject. In this kind of situation, the subject is not exposed properly by the light source and hence looks dark. In this situation, the emphasis is needs to be on the subject rather than the background; the exposure has to be increased, to be able to show the details of the subjects.
This can be done easily with the Exposure Compensation Button, marked with +/- in most of the cameras and the command dial. In general, if your subject is bright, you perhaps need to increase the compensation value so that the bright looks white. On the other hand, if subject is dark, you can decrease the compensation level to make the subject darker.
Typically the EV compensation ranges from -2.0 EV to +2.0 EV with adjustments in steps of 0.5 or 0.3 EV. Some digital SLRs have wider EV compensation range, e.g. from -5.0 EV to +5.0 EV.
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